Carotid Stenosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Why Timely Treatment Matters

Carotid stenosis is a condition where the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain, become narrowed due to plaque buildup. This narrowing increases the risk of stroke and other vascular complications. Dr. Vivek Gupta emphasizes that understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for early diagnosis and prevention.

What Causes Carotid Stenosis?

The primary cause of carotid artery disease is atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits (plaque) accumulate in the arteries. Several risk factors contribute to plaque buildup, including:

1. High blood pressure (Hypertension) – Increases strain on artery walls.
2. High cholesterol – Leads to plaque formation.
3. Smoking – Damages blood vessels and accelerates atherosclerosis.
4. Diabetes – Affects blood circulation and promotes plaque buildup.
5. Obesity and lack of exercise – Contribute to poor vascular health.

Other factors, such as age, family history, and an unhealthy diet, can also increase the risk of developing carotid artery blockage.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Carotid Stenosis

Carotid stenosis may not show symptoms in its early stages, making regular checkups essential. However, as the condition worsens, it can lead to serious complications like a stroke. Common warning signs include:

1. Transient ischemic attack (TIA) – A temporary stroke-like event.
2. Sudden weakness or numbness – Especially on one side of the body.
3. Blurred or lost vision – Often in one eye.
4. Difficulty speaking or understanding speech.

If you notice any of these early signs of carotid stenosis, seek medical attention immediately.

How is Carotid Stenosis Diagnosed?

Timely diagnosis plays a key role in preventing severe complications. Doctors use several methods to detect carotid artery disease, including:

1 Carotid artery ultrasound – A non-invasive test to check for blockages.

2 CT or MRI angiography – Provides detailed images of the arteries.

3 Carotid auscultation – Listening for abnormal sounds in the arteries.

4 Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

Treatment Options for Carotid Stenosis

Carotid stenosis treatment focuses on reducing stroke risk and improving vascular health. Depending on severity, treatment options may include:

1. Lifestyle Changes and Medication

For mild to moderate cases, doctors recommend:

1 Healthy diet – Low in saturated fats and cholesterol.

2 Regular exercise – To maintain proper blood flow.

3 Medications – Such as blood thinners or statins to prevent clots.

2. Carotid Endarterectomy (Surgical Treatment)

This surgical procedure removes plaque from the artery, restoring normal blood flow and reducing stroke risk.

3. Minimally Invasive Carotid Treatment (Carotid Stenting)

Carotid stenting removes the narrowing by putting in a stent across the narrowed segment. It involves no cuts or scars on the neck.

Early diagnosis and treatment of carotid stenosis are essential to preventing life-threatening strokes. If you have risk factors like hypertension or high cholesterol, Schedule a consultation with us and take proactive steps to protect your brain and heart!